Saturday, January 25, 2020
The Massacre Of Maguindanao Media Essay
The Massacre Of Maguindanao Media Essay November 23, 2009 since a horrible massacre happened in Maguindanao on one of the islands of the Philippines Mindanao . A number of civilians were killed which shook the whole country and among those civilians excluding motorists, drivers, politicians, lawyers, women, 34 journalists were named. This fact shocked the press, the government, and the ordinary citizens as well. But why did this senseless massacre happen in a country like the Philippines where freedom and democracy are being took care of?            Nearly few months have passed since this most horrible killing of civilians marked the history of the Philippines , and because of this, it leads us to many realizations. Politicians were killed thus morality was killed. Women were killed thus their rights were killed. Lawyers were killed so justice was also killed. And journalists were killed therefore freedom was also killed. And the latter realization inspired this paper the freedom of the press. And since the Maguindanao massacre became one of the most talked about issue until now because of its massive killing of journalists, thus killing of freedom, it leads us to be more aware of the work and responsibilities of the press, the laws which made to protect the rights of the press, but eventually made us notice that there are some laws which restrict the said freedom. In this case, since the press must have its independence, there should be no restrictions t o such an institution because its independence will be repressed. Furthermore, a country could be considered non-democratic nation for democracy doesnt prevail on that community.            Then, the researcher chose this study to come up with an answer to the personal question: Why is there such freedom of the press if freedom here does not have the same meaning if read from our constitution from how the ordinary people understand it? Hence, this paper will cover only about press freedom here in the Philippines . If it is so, the paper will not tackle any issue that would probably come out while the paper is being discussed. Moreover, the objectives of the paper are firstly, to present situations where freedom of the press was repressed, secondly, to state how freedom of the press go along with democracy, and thirdly, the paper would want the researcher to be more aware of what is happening around him/her.            Now, for the researcher to start discussing what this paper is all about, a question will be first asked. That question would be: What is freedom of the press? Definition of Freedom of the Press            Freedom means independence and independence means boundless, therefore, press freedom means press independence, meaning there should be no limits to whatever the action of a member of the press would be. But as part of the social equality authorization, the right of the people, and not of the press, is what the term freedom of the press really means. It can be stressed, moreover, as the right of the press is the right of the people to be informed and to be heard (Reyes, 1992). Press freedom is not a sectoral right, a right to be asserted and enjoyed only by members of the media sectorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Freedom of the press is a basic right of the people, that is, of the entire body politic and every ordinary citizen (Reyes, 1992).            Here, we come up with two different denotations for the term freedom of the press, but since the press plays the role of being the voice of the Filipinos here in the Philippines as well as serving as an instrument to inform the public, then the press, particularly the journalists, could represent the entire Filipino community. Because of this, the next pages will focus mainly on the first meaning the researcher has presented wherein the press is the term used to represent the journalists and other media sector not the people in general. Then we substitute the word 3 journalist to press thus making the term freedom of the press as the right of the journalists to freely express what they want to express. Moreover, freedom of the press is not merely freedom for the press, and to have social equality isnt competence. It is indeed the freedom of every individual, and its the hard and risky method but it has a reward in the end (Coronel, 1991). In connection to this, our constitution provides: No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech and of the press (Section 4, Article III). This means that no one could prevent any media sector from writing what he/she wants to write as well as from speaking what the person wants to say. Nor even the government has no right to prevent any member of the press from doing so. And since the press has its full access on newspapers, radios, and televisions, the information could be spread to the people easily and freely. But how did it become a right? Freedom of the Press as a Right            The researcher defines freedom here as the right of journalists. This is because everyone has his/her own rights and since the press includes journalists and journalists are human, then, journalists should have their own freedom too. Press freedom should not be excluded as a right of an individual for it is one of his/her rights when he/she was born. It is a right that if oppressed violates human right (Reyes, 1992). But in a deeper meaning, freedom of the press not only stands for the right of every journalists but also for the right of every people to be informed, because media exists to serve the people. 4            Journalists work could be seen on newspapers as well as could be heard from radios and televisions. But they do not only present the truth to the public with supporting evidences but also give their own opinions towards it. And an idea can never be misleading nevertheless, its destructive power we still hang on for its amendments because of the opposition of other existing ideas (Zelezny, 1993). That is why, debates and other discussions were lead by journalists and other media sectors because, otherwise, if the ideas of oneself is not being told to anyone, freedom is unreal or fictitious (Reyes, 1992).            Consequently, freedom of idea is the persons right to search for truth that the surrounding is hiding from his/her. It is our right to communicate to others what we have in mind freely. Moreover, it is also our right that allows us to do actions freely regarding our thoughts (Reyes, 1992). Likewise, freedom of the press is the freedom of truthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Pinon, 1960). And if truth firms and is unbreakable, it is free to say ones side (Reyes, 1992). This is mainly the function of mass media to reveal the misconducts in its country, freedom of truth to its sovereign. Media in the Philippines            Media plays a very risky role in the society for it reveals the truth which people are refusing to admit even with irresistible proofs (Braid, 2005). And journalists have chosen a more risky career because their work needs to, and they could do their job through critiquing and even criticizing an issue. Particularly, they are not only supplying the truth because he/she also gives his/her own opinion and view on a particular issue (Coronel, 1991). And so, under the freedom of the press, people has the right to criticize on things which matters them (Pinon, 1960). 5 But most people misunderstood this. Comments from an individual do not mean insulting someone or something. Still, it is inevitable for an individual to have his/her own assessment towards it. It is public opinion, since the individual is the basic unit of any government, which is the uniform foundation of freedom and social equality (Bookwatch Legal Editors, 2006). Furthermore, freedom of the press is the uncontrolled freedom wherein a person can freely express his thoughts (Pinon, 1960).            On the other hand, it is also the responsibility of the journalists to make the younger generation involve themselves to issues which also affect them. Media contributes in giving information to the people and it also educates them to the real work of justice. Media men shows to the public that justice should not be passed within laws but must also showed to the people that justice really prevails in their society (Braid, 2005). This is why there are shows like Y-Speak where students voices are given the time to be heard. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the mass media have an essential part to play in the education of young peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in making known the views and aspirations of the younger generation (Holopainen,1987). Like it had been said, the youth is the hope our hope, hence, whatever the opinions of the youth are, it will contribute a big part on the decision-making of that certain issue. Everyone has the right to freed om of opinion and expression; the right includes the freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart in information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Reyes, 1992).            But even though it is really the right thing to have media as a tool to spread information to the reading and listening public, few Filipinos knew that there are laws which restrict some of the possible actions of the journalists when doing his/her work. Those few people are only those 6 who have knowledge on laws, then how about the ordinary people who, in reality, do not have any knowledge about such laws because they only gain knowledge from what the television brings to them? If the majority of the sovereign do not have any way to learn information other than through tv, then, in the case, is the truth being concealed from us? And from our experience to Maguindanao massacre, press freedom and rights are oppressed in the most monstrous way killing, yet killing is not the only way to oppress the press freedom because there are laws which restrain that freedom in some situations. If so, why is it still stated on the constitution that no laws should shorten the press to the right of free speech? Limitations of the Press            In a society, to see the misconception on a functioning country and to see the lies existing on it, the step to make is to express what is in the mind. Repression to freedom is only acceptable in spare times (Salvilla, Penasales, Sornito, 1991). For example, if the people are to be informed about the corruption of an official, the journalist shall gather first data to support his/her idea. But highlighting a corrupt official isnt that easy so the journalist shall have a great strategy like spying, eavesdropping, and even making his/her way to a private place. These are normally what a journalist will do, but he/she isnt aware that he/she is stepping into some offenses such as theft, robbery and trespass. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Free speech is everyones right and freedom of the press is exercised in protecting every citizens right to know what his government is doingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Reyes, 1992)            Another is all of us are paying our ITRs (Income Tax Returns) and because of this, everyone should know information on what the Bureau of Internal Revenue is collecting from us. And, therefore, if a journalist will try to gather information about these ITRs for the public to be 7 informed, he/she will again stepping to the law, which is on some aspect, a sort of national security. But freedom of the press means that people has the right to know what is happening around them and its country, and to speak up what they want to tell the government. It is also the right of the people to have an entry to information. Moreover, journalists and media men exist just to serve the rights of the people (Reyes, 1992). Consequently, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦based on the peoples right to know what is happening in their government because the people are the sovereignà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Salvilla, Penasales, Sornito, 1991). In other way round, there are cases were the government puts tax on some published works. But it is invalid in the case of putting tax on published works because, if do so, it will restrict such periodical to have its freedom to disseminate information to the public (Salvilla, Penasales, Sornito, 1991). In this case, journalists have the righ ts to comment freely on an issue, but have no right to do so for he/she must follow laws concerning his/her action (Coronel, 1991).            Also, we all know that journalists chose words with more striking impact to the readers that they would be more interested on the works the journalists have produce. And works of media overstate what the real story behind. It is their work to put great intensity on anything they produce and the impact of that intensity to the people is the basis of their success in their profession (Braid, 2005). Moreover, press is an excellent source for the search of truth. Its impact to the people is merely for them to feel anger and thus, it is more likely to stay for many days, than the feeling of having good news for that day. Its good works are quite forgotten but its scandalous works long for many days in the memory of the readers (Gerald, 1948). But there are cases wherein journalists were accused because he/she uses words like coward, savage, etc., and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and writing and publishing an article containing the wor ds coward, vile soul, dirty-            8 sucker, savage, hog who always looks toward the ground is libel per seà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦( Coronel, 1991). And libel à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦is a public and malicious imputation of a crime vice or defect a real or imaginary, act or omission, condition or status tending to cause dishonor, discredit of a person and even to blacken the memory of a dead personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Salvilla, Penasales, Sornito, 1991). Media do, in connection with their profession, brings out works by chance without meanness, but unacceptably though. In this case, media should be quite careful in doing their right to publish (Coronel, 1991). There is also this Right to Reply Bill which was proposed by Senators Pimentel, Revilla Jr., and Escudero in year 2008. According to this bill, all persons natural or juridical who are accused directly or indirectly of committing or having committed or of intending to commit any crime or offense defined by law or are criticized by innuendo, suggestion or rumor for any lapse in behavior in public or private life shall have the right to reply to the charges published or printed in newspapers, magazines, newsletters or publications circulated commercially or for free, or to criticisms aired or broadcast over radio, television, websites, or through any electronic device. This means that the person being attacked by the works of a journalist has the right to reply on that work of the journalist. That person could say that the journalist do not have the credibility of writing that issue to him/her. Moreover, he/she could not only go against the journalist but also to the newspaper who published it. But à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦speech shall be free even though that law be written into the Constitutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Coronel, 1991).            To sum it up, laws are made to limit the press to protect other rights in some situations. Libel laws are designed to protect the name and character of a person; national security laws, to 9 protect the very existence of the State; obscenity laws, to protect the morals of society; and contempt to efficient functioning of the judiciary and the legislatureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Salvilla, Penasales, Sornito, 1991). These laws are really needed to have a healthy country and the researcher is aware of the benefits that these laws could bring. But the researcher is concerned mainly on the term freedom of the press thus having laws which restrict the journalists is the researchers primary problem because à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to dare abridge these indivisible freedoms, and in effect negate them, assaults human dignityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Reyes, 1992). And à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a more liberal atmosphere has made the media even more powerful in fosteringà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦bringing public opinion to bear on politicians who once wheeled and dealed with impunityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Eng, 1997). Freedom of the Press to a Democratic Nation            If freedom of the press will not be restrained as well as the freedom of the people, then democracy prevails on that country for [f]ree speech is indispensable to free governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Coronel, 1991). When a nation is controlled and its rights and those of the people, then democracy dies. After this instance, the right of the media men and of the people to speak out their opinions and thoughts are also been oppressed (Reyes, 1992). Having limitations provided by law concerning public officials could be said as anti-democratic. Those limitations are cannot be opened to the public. But in the sense of wanting to have a better nation, open and free discussions between individuals, and access to the government, are ways to know the underlying truths of a nation (Salvilla, Penasales, Sornito, 1991). Moreover, in the search of truth, an unrestricted and unlimited conversation is needed for the ideas that made up a good conversation which came from the people whose concern matter (McCormick and MacInnes, 1962). And in a democratic country, it is better to have means of communication between the 10 functioning government and its society. Choosing to have a newspaper than to have a government is what democracy really means, for newspaper is something where free discussion of thoughts could be seen (Salvilla, Penasales, Sornito, 1991).            Going back into the problem in the first place, the government is the one who made and accepted this laws which limit the press freedom, and the government must be doing this things just for their own sake. In addition to this reality, people accept these restrictions as necessary for their own benefits (Reyes, 1992). And this isnt new for all of us because of its transparency on our own government. And since the superior power is being held by the government, there are cases where it [government] uses its power to take actions opposed to individuals who freely gave their opinions without the government being analytical if their actions are under the international law (Reyes, 1992).            Still, violence against newspeople remained significantly oppressiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦there were more newspeople killed in the Philippines than in any other nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Case, 1991). But this problem could be resolved. We may preserve freedom of speech by making no laws which restrict it. If repressive laws are passed they may be carefully circumscribedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Coronel, 1991). Moreover, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦free speech and press not as a separate entity deserving nurturing, but as part of a larger processà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦free speech and press as contributing to good governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Chamberlin and Brown, 1982). Conclusion            Press freedom doesnt mean that it is the freedom of the media establishments or other media members. And to defend for it is not only defending the freedom of this media men, but also defending the freedom of the people because all freedoms are being took care of the people 11 Yuyitung, 2000). But media people do not have the assurance that they will have their freedom every time, because the government is making laws that, for the eyes of ordinary people, are a good law to be implemented but if observed with critical eyes, is indeed a way to interfere with the freedom of the press itself (Malaya, B9+B15). And if à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the public restrict journalists freedom, the public restricts its own freedomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦( Reyes, 1992). Moreover, having freedom of speech and of the press in the Philippines means the people can freely express their thoughts and ideas. Consequently, it is true that those laws stated in the body of this paper are implemented to not violate other human rights. But, even if these limitations were good, to have those to restrain such freedom isnt freedom at all for freedom means no restrictions, no bound. Yes! There is really freedom of the press existing here in the Philippines because the press still has their freedom to write, speak, and publish what is the truth. But still, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦concepts as a less-free press or a freer pressà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Reyes, 1992) do not exist. It is because the term freedom of the press has no comparative form for it is if and only if process to acknowledge this right of free publication and also of free expression (Reyes, 1992). Then, even though the press can still express what they want to express, but on the other hand still has limitations, then we could be on one side only. Therefore, because of those limitations we have discussed before, freedom of the press do not exist.
Friday, January 17, 2020
Night World : The Chosen Chapter 10
Or not to meet them so much as graze past them, before concentrating on his chin. She didn't dare stare directly into them for long. â€Å"Maybe she is from another planet,†Quinn was saying to the girl. â€Å"Maybe she's not human. Maybe I'm not, either.†That's right, Rashel thought. Make fun of them by telling them a truth they won't believe. But, she noticed, Quinn looked more as if he didn't care what they found out than as if he were mocking them. â€Å"Maybe she's from another world. Did you ever think of that?†Rashel was confused again. Quinn seemed to be trying to get himself killed. He appeared to be verging on telling these girls about the Night World, and under the laws of the Night World, that was punishable by death. You're really slipping, Rashel thought. First the slave trade, now this. I thought you were supposed to be such a stickler for the law. â€Å"There are darker dimensions,†Quinn was confiding to the group, â€Å"than you have ever imagined. But, you see, it's all part of life's grand design, so it's all right. Did you know†-he put his arm around a girl's shoulders, gesturing outward as if inviting her to look at some horizon-â€Å"that there's a certain kind of wasp that lays its eggs in the body of a caterpillar? A live caterpillar. And it stays alive, you see, while the eggs hatch and the little waspettes eat it from the inside out. Now, who do you think invented that?†Rashel wondered if vampires could get drunk. â€Å"That would probably be the most horrible way to die,†Daphne chimed in, her musical voice ghoulish. â€Å"Being eaten by insects. Or maybe being burned.†â€Å"It would probably depend on how fast you burned,†Quinn said meditatively. â€Å"A flash of fire-high enough temperature-you bum the nerves out in the first few seconds. Slow baking would be different.†â€Å"I'm writing a poem about fire,†Rashel said. She was surprised to find that she was annoyed because Quinn didn't really seem to have noticed her. On second thought, she should be annoyed; her plan depended on him not only noticing but choosing her. She was going to have to capture his attention. â€Å"Do you have it with you?†Daphne was asking helpfully. â€Å"No, but I can tell you the beginning,†Rashel said. She braced herself to look at Quinn as she recited: â€Å"There's warmth in ice; there's cooling peace in fire, And midnight light to show us all the way. The dancing flame becomes a funeral pyre; The Dark was more enticing than the Day.†Quinn blinked. Then he smiled, and he looked Rashel over, dearly taking notice of the velvet jumpsuit and ending with her face. He looked everywhere†¦ except into her eyes. â€Å"That's right; you've got it,†he said with that same brittle exhilaration. â€Å"And there's plenty of dark out there for everyone.†Rashel's worry that he might look too deep if he met her gaze was groundless. Quinn didn't seem to be really seeing anybody here. â€Å"There is plenty of darkness,†Rashel said. She moved toward him, feeling strangely brave. Her instincts sensed a weakness in him, a flaw. â€Å"It's everywhere. It's inescapable. So the only thing we can do is embrace it.†She was standing right in front of him now, looking at his mouth. â€Å"If we hold it dose, it won't hurt so much.†â€Å"Well. Exactly.†Quinn showed his teeth, but it wasn't the manic smile. It was a grimace. He didn't look happy anymore; suddenly, for just an instant, he looked tired and sick. He was almost leaning away from Rashel. â€Å"I came here so I could do that,†Rashel said in a sultry voice. She was scaring herself a little. In the name of the charade, she was doing everything she could to seduce him-but it was surprisingly easy and surprisingly enjoyable. There was a sort of tingling all over her body, as if the jumpsuit had picked up a charge. â€Å"I came to look for the darkness,†she said. Softly. Quinn laughed abruptly. The feverish good humor came flooding back. â€Å"And you found it,†he said. He went on laughing and laughing, and he reached out to touch Rashel's cheek. Don't let him touch you! The thought flashed through Rashel's mind and communicated to her muscles in an instant. Without knowing how she knew, she was certain that if he touched her, it would all be over. It was skin-to-skin contact that had nearly fried every circuit in her brain before. She danced back from his fingertips and smiled teasingly, while her heart tried to pound its way out of her chest. â€Å"This place is so crowded,†she said throatily. â€Å"Huh? Oh. Then why don't we schedule something more private? I could pick you up tomorrow night. Say seven o'clock in the parking lot.†Bingo. â€Å"But Quinn.†It was Daphne, looking aggrieved. â€Å"You told me to meet you tomorrow.†She trembled her chin. Quinn stared at her, and for once, Rashel could read his face easily. He was thinking that anybody that stupid deserved it. â€Å"Well, you can both come,†he said expansively. â€Å"Why not? The more the merrier.†He walked away laughing and laughing. Rashel watched him go, resisting an impulse to shake her head. She'd done it; she'd passed the last test and been chosen. So why was her heart still pounding? She glanced out of the side of her eye at Daphne. â€Å"Well, I don't know about anybody else, but I've had enough excitement for tonight.†She went to get her coat, with the rest of Quinn's coterie glaring jealously after her. She had one enjoyable experience on the way out. Ivan, still slouching, tried to stop her at the door. â€Å"Shelly, hey. I thought we were going to get to know each other better.†Rashel didn't need him anymore; she had her invitation. â€Å"I'd rather get to know a head louse,†she said in her sweet chatty voice, and she stepped on his foot hard with her high heel. In the car, she waited a full twenty minutes, watching the front of the club, before Daphne joined her. â€Å"Sorry, but I didn't want anybody to think we were leaving together.†â€Å"You did a great job,†Rashel said, driving away. â€Å"You even managed to get both of us invited to meet Quinn together-that was dangerous, but it worked. The only thing that surprised me is that he invited us in front of everybody. Is that how he did it before?†â€Å"No. Not at all. Last time, he sort of whispered it to me when nobody was around. But, you know, nothing was normal tonight. I mean, he usually asks new girls questions-I guess to figure out if they have families who'll miss them. And he isn't usually that-that†¦Ã¢â‚¬ â€Å"Manic?†â€Å"Yeah. I wonder what's going on with him?†Rashel pressed her lips together and stared straight ahead through the windshield. â€Å"You sure you want to go through with this?†It was Sunday night and they were nearing the parking lot of the Crypt. â€Å"I've told you and told you,†Daphne said. â€Å"I'm ready. I can do it.†â€Å"Okay. But, listen, if there's any trouble, I want you to run. Run away from the club and don't look back for me. All right?†Daphne nodded. At Rashel's suggestion, she was wearing something more sensible tonight: black pants heavy enough to provide some warmth, a dark sweater, and shoes she could run in. Rashel was dressed the same way, except that she was wearing high boots. The knife was in one. â€Å"You go first,†Rashel said, parking a street away from the club. â€Å"I'll come in a minute.†She watched Daphne walk away, hoping she wasn't going to get this little blond bunny killed. She herself was the danger. Quinn was going to use mind control on them to get them to go to the warehouse quietly. And Rashel wasn't sure what would happen when he did it. Just don't let him touch you, she told herself. You can carry it off as long as he doesn't touch you. Five minutes later, she started toward the Crypt. Quinn was in the dark parking lot, standing by a silvery-gray Lexus. As Rashel reached the car, she saw the pale blob of Daphne's face through the window. â€Å"I almost thought you weren't coming.†There was now a sort of savagery mixed in with Quinn's lunatic good humor. As if he was angry she wasn't smart enough to save herself. â€Å"Oh, I wouldn't miss this for the world.†Rashel kept her eyes on the car. She wanted to get this over with. â€Å"Are we going somewhere?†There was that tiny hesitation that seemed to come every time she spoke to him, as if it were taking him a minute to focus. Or as if he were trying to figure something out, she thought nervously. Then he answered smoothly, â€Å"Oh, right, get in.†Rashel got in. She glanced once at Daphne in the back seat. Daphne said, â€Å"What's up?†in a chirpy voice laced with feminine rivalry. Good girl. Quinn was getting in the driver's side. Once the door was shut, he turned the engine on to run the heater. The windows immediately began to fog. Rashel sat in a state of continuing mind, ready for the unexpected at any moment. Only the unexpected didn't come. Nothing came. Quinn was just sitting there in the driver's seat. Watching her. With a sudden void in her stomach that threatened her zanshin, Rashel realized that it was too dark. Too familiar. They were sitting here together in silence, so close, visible to each other only in silhouette, just as they had in the cellar. She could almost feel Quinn's confusion as he tried to figure out what was bothering him. And Rashel was afraid to say anything, afraid that her chirpiest voice wouldn't be a good-enough disguise. The horrible feeling of connection was mounting, like some giant green wave looming over them both. In a moment it would break, and Quinn would say, â€Å"I know you,†and switch on the light to see the face without the veil. Rashel's fingers edged toward her knife. Then, through the electric buzzing in her ears, she heard Daphne say, â€Å"You know, I just love this car. I bet it goes really fast, too. This is all so exciting-I'm just so glad I got here this time. Not like last week.†She went on, blathering easily, while Rashel sank back lightheaded with relief. The connection was broken; Quinn was now looking at his instrument panel as if trying to escape the chatter. And now Daphne was talking about how exciting it was to ride in the dark. Smart, smart girl. Quinn had to interrupt her to say, â€Å"So, you two girls want to surrender to the darkness?†He said it as if he were asking if they wanted to order pizza. â€Å"Yes,†Rashel said. â€Å"Oh, yes,†Daphne said. â€Å"It's just like we always say. I think that would be just the most seriously cool-â€Å" Quinn made a gesture at her as if to say, â€Å"For God's sake, shut up.†Not a rough gesture. It was more like an exasperated choir director trying to get through to some soprano who wouldn't stop at the end of the measure. Stop here. And Daphne shut up.' Like that. As if he'd turned off a switch in her. Rashel twisted slightly to look at the backseat and saw that Daphne had slumped to one side, body limp, her breathing peaceful. Oh, God, Rashel thought. She was used to the kind of mind control other vampires had tried on her. The persuasive, whispery-voice-in-the-head type. And when Quinn hadn't tried to use that, or to call for help in the cellar, she'd assumed he was low on telepathy. Now she knew the truth. He packed a telepathic punch like a pile driver. No, like a karate blow: swift, precise, and deadly. He turned to look at her, a dark shape against a lighter darkness. Rashel tried to brace herself. â€Å"And the rest is silence,†Quinn said, and gestured at her. Rashel fell into a void. She woke up as she was being carried into the warehouse. She had enough presence of mind not to open her eyes or make any other sign that she was conscious. It was Quinn carrying her; she could tell even with her eyes shut. When he dumped her on a mattress, she deliberately fell so that her head was turned away from him and her hair was over her face. She had a moment's fear that he was going to discover the knife in her boot when he shackled her ankles. But he didn't even roll up her pant leg. He seemed to be doing everything as quickly as possible, without really paying attention. Rashel heard the shackle snap shut. She kept perfectly still. She lay and listened as he brought Daphne in and chained her. Then she heard voices close by and the sound of other footsteps. â€Å"Put that one down here-what happened to her purse?†That was Lily. â€Å"It's still in the car.†Ivan. â€Å"Okay, bring it in with the other one. I'll do her feet.†Thump of a body hitting a mattress. Footsteps going away. The metallic clink of chains. Then a sigh from Lily. Rashel could imagine her straightening up and looking around in satisfaction. â€Å"Well, that's it. Ivan's got number twenty-four in the car. I guess we're going to have one very happy client.†â€Å"Joy,†Quinn said flatly. Twenty-four? One client? â€Å"I'll leave a message that everything's going to be ready for the big day.†â€Å"Do that.†â€Å"You're awfully moody, you know. It's not just me who's noticed it.†A pause, and Rashel imagined Quinn giving one of his black looks. â€Å"I was just thinking it was ironic. I turned down a job as a slave trader once. That was before. Do you remember before, Lily? When we lived in Charlestown and your sister Dove was still alive. A captain from Marblehead asked if I wanted to ship out to Guinea for some human cargo. Black gold, I think he called it. As I remember, I hit him on the nose. And Fight-the-Good-fight-for-Faith Johnson reported me for brawling.†â€Å"Quinn, what's wrong with you?†â€Å"Just reminiscing about the old days in the sunlight. Of course, you wouldn't know about that, would you? You're lamia; you were born this way. Technically, I suppose, you were born dead.†â€Å"And technically, I suppose, you're going peculiar. My father always said it would happen.†â€Å"Yes, and I wonder what your father would think about all this? His daughter selling humans for money. And to such a client, and for such a reason-â€Å" At that moment, while Rashel was listening desperately, hanging on every word, heavy footsteps interrupted. Ivan had returned. Quinn broke off, and he and Lily remained silent as another body thumped on a bed. Rashel cursed mentally. What client? What reason? She'd supposed the girls were being sold as regular house slaves or food supplies. But clearly that wasn't the case. And then something happened that drove thoughts of the future right out of her mind. She heard footsteps next to her bed, and she was aware of someone leaning close. Not Quinn, the smell was wrong. Ivan. A rough hand grabbed her hair and pulled her head back. Another arm slid under her waist, lifting her up. Panic shot through Rashel, and she tried to push it away. She forced herself to stay limp, eyes shut, arms dangling passively. I ought to have been prepared for this. She'd realized from the beginning that playing her part might include allowing herself to get bitten. To feel vampire teeth on her throat, to allow them to spill her blood. But it bad never happened to her before, and it took every ounce of her will to keep from fighting. She was scared. Her arched throat felt exposed and vulnerable, and she could feel a pulse beating in it wildly. â€Å"What are you doing?†Quinn's voice was sharp as the crack of glacier ice. Rashel felt Ivan go still. â€Å"I've got something to settle with this girl. She's a smartass.†â€Å"Take your hands off her. Before I knock you through the wall.†â€Å"Quinn-†Lily said. Quinn's voice was painfully distinct. â€Å"Drop her. Now.†Ivan dropped Rashel. â€Å"He's right,†Lily said coolly. â€Å"They're not for you, Ivan, and they have to be in perfect shape.†Ivan muttered something sullen and Rashel heard footsteps moving away. She lay and listened to her heart slowly calming. â€Å"I'm going to get some sleep,†Quinn said, sounding flat and dull. â€Å"See you Tuesday,†lily said. Tuesday, Rashel thought. Great. It's going to be a very long two days. They were the most boring two days of her life. She got to know every corner of the small glass-windowed office. The windows were a problem, since she was never absolutely sure if Lily or Ivan were outside one of them, standing in the warehouse proper and looking through. She listened carefully for the warehouse doors, froze instantly at any suspicious sound, and trusted to luck. Daphne woke up Monday morning. Rashel had her neck twisted sideways and was staring through the office glass up at the one tiny window set high in the warehouse wall. Just as it turned gray with dawn, Daphne sat up and screamed. â€Å"Sh! It's all right! You're here in the warehouse with me.†â€Å"Rashel?†â€Å"Yeah. We made it. And I'm glad you're awake.†â€Å"Are we alone?†â€Å"More or less,†Rashel said. â€Å"There are two other girls, but they're both hypnotized. You'll see when it gets lighter.†Daphne let out her breath. â€Å"Wow†¦ we did it. That's great. So how come I'm so completely and utterly terrified?†â€Å"Because you're a smart girl,†Rashel said grimly. â€Å"Just wait until Tuesday when they take us out.†â€Å"Take us out where?†â€Å"That's the question.â€
Thursday, January 9, 2020
Same Sex Marriage in the Philippines - 1931 Words
AMA COMPUTER LEARNING COLLEGE SCHOOL Sayre Highway, Valencia City Bukidnon SAME SEX MARRIAGE IN THE PHILIPPINES: A CALL FOR ARGUMENT A TERM PAPER SUBMTTED TO EXILE, SOPHIA GOLDA, IN FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE COMMUNICATION SKILLS 2 BY: GLYDELLE O. LO CHERRY JOY A. MEJOS CLIFF EVANDER FORCADO March, 2013 Abstract Since 2001 it has been possible in the Netherlands for two men or two women to marry. There are certain differences, however, between same-sex marriage and marriage between a man and a woman. In 2001, the Netherlands became the first country in the world to create the possibility for two men or two women to marry. Since then, over 15,000 gay couples have married. Today, same-sex marriage is possible†¦show more content†¦Prime Minister Cameron of the UK declared that his support of same-sex marriage is not despite his being a conservative, but because he is a conservative. Cameron makes an important point. Same-sex marriage is in reality a conservative demand. In an era when many people have divorces, and others decide to forego getting married in the first place; gays want to get married – and commit themselves to abide by societal conventions in the process. While same-sex marriage is not yet an immediate concern for the Philippines, it raises points which are already relevant. Among these would be the question of what to do with gays who do form lasting relationships. Even from a purely legal point of view, it would be a lot more convenient if gay couples could get into something like a ‘registered partnership’ if only for matters like inheritance, medical decisions etc. At the same time, there should be some changes in the legal status of some heterosexual relationships. Under the principle that â€Å"consenting adults who love each other should be allowed to marry†, the country would need to pass a Divorce Law. And, together with this, there would need to be a law that allows unmarried couples who live together to formalize their relationship. The issue of same-sex marriage also affects the public discourse about gays. Previously, gay rights meant that it is wrong to beat up gays, or to refuse to hire them. Gay rights includes their right to lead a ‘normal’ life, including marriage. TheShow MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage in the Philippines2330 Words  | 10 PagesPRO Gay Marriage Same-sex couples should be allowed to publicly celebrate their commitment in the same way as heterosexual couples. [40] The Human Rights Campaign Foundation states that many same-sex couples want the right to legally marry [and] honor their relationship in the greatest way our society has to offer... Same-sex couples should have access to the same benefits enjoyed by heterosexual married couples. Many benefits are only available to married couples, such as hospital visitationRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Affirmative Side1556 Words  | 7 PagesThat Same Sex Marriage Should be Legalized in the Philippines (Positive) Premises 1.) To exercise freedom of choice. 2.) To control population. 3.) To have an opportunity to adopt children from orphanage. 4.) To practice human rights. 5.) To prevent HIV disease. INTRODUCTION Same sex marriage is known as a marriage between two persons of the same biological sex or gender . It is one of the most controversial yet sensitive topics that have been discuss around the world. Politicians are havingRead MoreHow Does Lgbt Culture Fall In Our Society Today And At1143 Words  | 5 Pagesthe Philippines we classify them as tomboy, bakla and etc. Another social issue is about legalizing same sex marriage in the Philippines. Countries like the Netherlands, Colombia, and other countries that legalize same sex marriage. Sure this is from opinions of other countries about legalizing this issue that’s the reason why some countries think that same sex marriage should not be legalize in their country. For example the US had troubles getting all of their states to legalize same sex marriageRead MoreArgumentative Essay About Same Sex Marriage822 Words  | 4 Pagesabout the argument of same sex marriage. The contents are: meaning, brief background and thesis s tatement for the Introduction; for the Body of the discussion is the counter argument; and for the conclusion part: the summary and the restatement of the thesis statement. Same Sex Marriage also known as gay marriage or equal marriage it is marriage between two persons of the same biological sex or gender identity. In the 20th and 21st centuries various types of same-sex unions have come toRead MoreLegalization Of Same Sex Marriage Essay963 Words  | 4 PagesShannelle Romuar Alfritz Arevalo Angelika Figueroa Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage I. Introduction Same-sex marriage can also be called gay marriage. This is a marriage between two males or two females, in either a religious setting or in a civil ceremony. Same-sex unions are recorded in the history of a number of cultures but this type of marriage is rare, or doesn’t exist in other cultures .The first law that provided same-sex marriage for the people was in 2001 in the Netherlands. As of July 2015Read Moreno to same-sex marriage!894 Words  | 4 Pageseverything builds up. I Corinthians 10:23 Against Same Sex Marriage - The Six Point Case Each of these six points against same sex marriage will be explained in detail in the following articles. Click on each link for more explanation. Natural marriage is the foundation of a civilized society. Homosexual behavior is inherently destructive. The law is a great teacher, and it encourages or discourages behavior. Government-backed same-sex marriage would encourage and normalize homosexual behaviorRead MoreSame Sex Marriage1152 Words  | 5 PagesBiological Sex-Marriage: â€Å"An Alteration to Humanity†Submitted by: Ellicia Jiona Candelaria Submitted to: Mrs. Joan Bataclan ABSTRACT Biological Sex-Marriage: â€Å"An Alteration to Humanity†This study describes the advantages and also the disadvantages of couples of the same sex being married. It aims to explore how it affects the society and most importantly the church. Same-sex marriage, popularly known as gay marriage, is a socially or legally reorganized wedlock between two persons of similarRead MoreSame-sex Marriage and Foreign Literature2367 Words  | 10 Pageseffects of legalizing same-sex marriage in the Philippines and to support gays and lesbian people in their rights. The study will be supported by some research materials. I. Historical Background Here is the short research about Same Sex Marriage regarding both foreign and local literature. A. Short History 1. Foreign Literature The foreign literature contains the views of other countries in legalizing Same Sex Marriage and benefits. Providing same-sex couples with the same legal and social recognitionRead MoreHawkins, Ronald E. (1991) Strengthening Marital Intimacy, Grand Rapids, Mi: Baker Book House.1698 Words  | 7 Pageselements of what it takes to have a Biblically sound intimate and committed marriage. In Strengthening Marital Intimacy (1991), he has captured the two foundational truths, intimacy and commitment, makes a good marriage into a great marriage. It is not enough to know the Word of God intellectually there must be a real surrendering to the sovereign will of God. To do it will transform a life of commitment to God and to the marriage. The key concepts presented in this book cover marital intimacy, commitmentRead MoreLegalization of Same Sex Marriage9779 Words  | 40 PagesTHE LEGALIZATION OF SAME SEX MARRIAGE AS ASSESED BY CITHM STUDENTS S.Y. 2011-2012 A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of International Tourism And Hospitality Management LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Tourism By Ang, Dianne Marie M. Bayot, Donalynne B. October 2011 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION  In our generation today, homosexuals
Tuesday, December 31, 2019
Genetic Engineering The Field Of Human Biotechnology
Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification, is a set of techniques for isolating, transforming, multiplying and recombining genes from different organisms. Simply put, it is the process of manually adding new DNA to an organism. Genetic engineering originated in the 1970s as a result of the discovery of several key techniques in molecular genetics. It is also referred to as recombinant (rDNA) technology. Genetic Engineering enables geneticists to transfer genes between species that belong to different kingdoms which have no probability of inter-breeding in nature. For instance, a fish gene can be transferred to a plant; human genes can be transferred to animals. A gene is a section of DNA on the chromosome, usually about a†¦show more content†¦It can be said that only one of 100 fertilized eggs produce a viable offspring. An example is the Dolly the Sheep , a female domestic sheep and the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell (nuclear transfer) on July 5 1996. Moreover, Scientists are planning to make the first human clone. However, most Scientists prefer the therapeutic cloning to the reproductive cloning due to the complexity of humans and the ethical issues involved. In therapeutic cloning, cells are taken from healthy organs and completely new organs are given to people who need organ transplants (Campbell and Reece, 2005). There are always two sides to a coin. Genetic engineering has both benefits and disadvantages. Through Genetic engineering, parents can modify their unborn children in order to spare them from disease. It can be used to treat human genetic disorders. According to Medical scientists, there are about 3,000 disorders that arise because of errors in an individual s DNA with conditions such as sickle-cell anaemia, Tay-Sachs disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Huntington s chorea, cystic fibrosis, to mention a few. These could result from the loss, mistaken insertion, or change of a single nitrogen base in a DNA molecule. Scientists use the process of Genetic Engineering to provide individuals lacking a particular gene with correct copies of that gene. If the correct gene functions effectively,
Monday, December 23, 2019
The Construct Of Empathy, By Great Thinkers From Various...
The construct of empathy attracts the interest of academics from various fields of study, particularly in subfields of psychology. Its function and associated processes in moral development have been discussed for centuries by great thinkers from various disciplines. Hoffman (1982) defines empathy as â€Å"an affective response more appropriate to another’s situation than one’s own†. Nonetheless, the notion of empathy has always been a complex concept, and the lack of uniformity in the usage and understanding of the term underlying the multiple definitions and conceptualizations implies that there is no correct definition. In other words, there seems to be a pregnant ambiguous consensus on how we empathise with others. However, one could rightfully argue that this ambiguity echoes the multidimensional aspect of empathy that involves not only automatic and emotional aspects but also aspects of a more reflective and conceptual kind. Due to empathy’s value in our society, multiple attempts have been made to develop instruments and procedures, varying from cross-species comparative studies (Flombaum Santos, 2005; Silk, Brosnan, Vonk, Henrich, Povinelli, Richardson, et al., 2005) to characterizing the neural basis of empathy using fMRI (Singer, 2006; Singer Lamm, 2009). Psychologists have consistently worked on conceptualizing and ultimately measuring empathy. Such efforts led to the development of countless instruments, with the most common ones being self-reportShow MoreRelatedThe Social Construct Of The New Zealand Curriculum Essay1987 Words  | 8 PagesThis assignment will look at the social construct of the New Zealand Curriculum and how I believe I can implement it to best benefit the students that I will be teaching. It will look at the strengths I bring, the ideas I have about community and the benefits that community can have on the operation of the school. I believe in a school environment that is community minded and fully supported by the community around it, the school should also be supportive of the community. Bringing the school intoRead MoreHuman Relation Essay9189 Words  | 37 Pagesto Taylor’s work (and scholarly commentaries on it) and that of many other organizational theorists. It isn’t a matter of saying that the received version is deficient in detail or scholarship. They are different things for different purposes. Apart from anything else, received versions are simpler and more memorable. In many ways my purpose in this book is to put out another version of organization theory, no more scholarly than the received version but hopefully no less memorable. 3257-Grey-02Read MoreHumanistic Nursing8354 Words  | 34 Pagesgraduated in August of 1945 with a diploma from Lenox Hill School of Nursing in New York. She finished a couple of years earlier than Loretta Zderad and within a year of WW II ending. Nine years later (1954, August) Josephine Paterson graduated with her Bachelors Degree in Nursing Education from St. Johns University in Brooklyn, New York. After moving to Baltimore, Maryland she completed in June, a year later, with her Masters in Public Health from the John Hopkins School of Hygiene and PublicRead MorePersonality and Ethics8599 Words  | 35 Pageshis lifespan, and throughout this lifespan, the individual’s personality are tempered by external factors. In spite of all that, the nature of an individual’s personality still commands a degree of stability across time and situations as they grow from childhood to old age. And every individual’s personality begins the moment they are capable of perceiving the world. The development of one’s personality depends on two factors which are nature and nurture. As cited in Carducci (2009) Plomin, DeFriesRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words  | 922 Pagesinsightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingenious read which invites reflexivity, criticalness and plurality of opinion from the audience. This is a book that will become a classic in organization studies. Mihaela L. Kelemen, Professor of Management Studies, Keele University, UK An unusually rich and deep philosophical book on organization theory with several new thinkers and ideas. PedagogicallyRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words  | 339 Pages(Continued from front flap) is the Horace Beesley Professor of Strategy at the Marriott School, Brigham Young University. He is widely published in strategy and business journals and was the fourth most cited management scholar from 1996–2006. is a professor of leadership at INSEAD. He consults to organizations around the world on innovation, globalization, and transformation and has published extensively in leading academic and business journals. is the Robert and Jane CizikRead MoreChange Management49917 Words  | 200 Pagesis modification of the structure or process of a system, that may be good or even bad. It disturbs the existing equilibrium or status quo in an organization. The change in any part of the organization may affect the whole of the organization, or various other parts of organization in varying degrees of speed and significance. It may affect people, structure, technology, and other elements of an organization. It may be reactive or proactive in nature. When change takes place due to external forcesRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words  | 846 PagesContemporary Issues in Management Accounting This page intentionally left blank Contemporary Issues in Management Accounting Edited by ALNOOR BHIMANI 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words  | 1056 Pagessave money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experiencedRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words  | 820 PagesLibrary and Information Center Management, Sixth Edition Robert D. Stueart and Barbara B. Moran United States Government Information: Policies and Sources Peter Hernon, Harold C. Relyea, Robert E. Dugan, and Joan F. Cheverie Library Information Systems: From Library Automation to Distributed Information Access Solutions Thomas R. Kochtanek and Joseph R. Matthews The Complete Guide to Acquisitions Management Frances C. Wilkinson and Linda K. Lewis Organization of Information, Second Edition Arlene G. Taylor
Sunday, December 15, 2019
Physics Chapter 2 Notes Free Essays
I noticed that I have not described the rule of F=ma in either the last email or this one. Where would you suggest it be described? Somehow the details of adding forces and balanced forces were missed in the last email and also it did not make perfect sense for me to note. As far as I am concerned the khan academy does not lecture it so I am not too sure in what to do about this. We will write a custom essay sample on Physics Chapter 2 Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now I am assuming finding velocity is the sole purpose of applying the law of conservation of momentum. Is this true? I also would like to note that a graph could not be drawn in some situations again due to me lacking the technology to send photos of handwritten notes. Hence there is sadly no examples of a problem for translational equilibrium and for the force-time graph in which impulse can be identified. I also have referred to explosions as divisions. Is this appropriate? Newton’s First Law of Motion: A body will remain at rest or moving with constant velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force. Example: †¢ Q: while traveling in train if one throws a ball up it lands on his palm though the train is moving. my doubt is that though the ball is detached from motion how does it manage to land on his palm though he is moving along with the train? A: he ball lands on your hand because the ball is, in reality, traveling at the same velocity as the train, you, and everything else on, or part of the train. The ball is not at rest, because assume while the train was accelerating, you were holding the ball. Since you were moving with the train, then the ball is moving at the same velocity you are, and therefore, the same speed the train is moving. Translational Equilibrium: The condition for translational equilibrium is for all the forces acting on a body to be balanced Newtons Second Law of Motion: Momentum is the product of mass and velocity (p = mv). It is measured in kg m /s and is a vector quantity. Impulse is the change in momentum when an object reacts to clashing with an external force (momentum after – momentum before) The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the unbalanced force acting on that body and takes place in the same direction. Example: †¢ Q: There is a car with 500 KG mass and constant velocity 50 mph. As the car hits a wall what force will be applied on the wall? as the velocity is constant the acceleration would be zero and substituting in the second law F = 500 x 0 =0 †¢ A: In the first question, the acceleration is not zero. It is zero before the car hits the wall, but when it hits the wall, the car will go from a speed of 50 mph to 0 mph in a very short space of time, which is a big deceleration (acceleration in the other direction), until it’s speed is zero. The wall will experience an acceleration away from the car. Hence there is a substantial force. Newtons Third Law of Motion: If body A exerts a force on body B, Body B will exert an equal and opposite force on Body A. Example: †¢ Q: I have a pen and I push it with an arbitrary amount of force. The pen will exert the same amount of force on me. So wouldn’t the forces cancel? And wouldn’t the pen not move at all? †¢ A: The forces are equal, but that does not mean this is no reaction. F=ma says that the reaction on each object (you and the pen) due to equal forces will be based on yours and the pens masses. If you and the pen are of equal mass, you and the pen will receive equal acceleration, just in the opposite directions. In space (no friction), the pen will start to move in one direction and you will start to move in the opposite direction, the speed of each based on the individuals or objects mass. The Law of Conservation of Momentum: Basically, this is just a combination of Newton’s 3 laws but is useful when solving problems. For a system of isolated bodies, the total momentum is always the same. When solving problems for impulse and momentum; in a hypothetical situation (in order for this law to apply), where everything in space is isolated from the rest of the universe; momentum before and after are equal and therefore impulse is 0. Hence, pronumerals such as velocity is found by interpreting questions where different bodies may collide or where a body may divide. The area under a force (y-axis) – time (x-axis) graph is equal to the impulse. Work, Energy and Power: These are quantities which help explain what enables one body to push another. †¢ Work:  ° Work = force x distance moved in direction of the force. It is measured in newtonmetres (Nm), which is a joule (J). Work is a scalar quantity.  ° In the cases of the force being non-constant, the formula for work would only apply if the average force is used. Hence, by use of a graphical method, the area under force-distance graph is equal to the work done †¢ Energy:  ° Kinetic energy (KE) is the energy a body has due to its movement. For a body to gain this it has to have work done on it. The amount of work that is done is equal to the increase in kinetic energy. A gain in this is expressed by the formula: mv^2/2  ° Gravitational potential energy (PE) is the energy a body has due to to its position above the Earth. A gain in this is expressed by the formula: mgh  ° loss of KE = gain in PE, gain in KE = loss in PE  ° The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed and it is only changed from one form to another.  ° KE and PE are the two most basic forms of energy. When more complicated systems are learnt, there is a whole variety of different forms of energy in which to do work. Exaples include petrol, gas, electricity, solar and nuclear.  ° Energy, collisions and division: * Elastic collisions are collisions in which both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. * Inelastic collisions are collisions in which not all momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. Therefore, this has many outcomes. * Divisions are always inelastic because without any work and therefore increasing the KE, the segments that seperate after the division would not have any KE and would therefore not be moving. The energy to initiate a division often comes from the chemical energy contained within a body. Power:  ° Power is the work done per unit time. It is measured in J/s, which is a watt (W). Power is also a scalar quantity. †¢ Efficiency:  ° Efficiency = useful work out / work put in. It is not measured in any units and is a scalar quantity.  ° Due to the law of conservation of energy, efficiency can never be greater than 1.  ° The useful work out is found by the u nbalanced force on the box.  ° The work put in is found by the work done by the pulling force. Uniform Circular Motion: When describing motion in a circle we often use quatities reffering to the angular rather than the linear quantities. Centripetal acceleration is where the change in velocity of a body is directed towards the centre of a circle in the frame of its motion being circular. This is expressed by the formula: a = v^2 /2 Centripetal Force is the force acting on the body towards the centre of the circle. This is expressed by F = mv^2 /r N = kg/m/s^2 F = ma. Force is mass times acceleration. Acceleration is change in velocity over time. Velocity is distance over time. So acceleration is change in distance over time over time, or distance over time squared. How to cite Physics Chapter 2 Notes, Essay examples
Saturday, December 7, 2019
The 60s as a New Frontier - John Kennedys Inaugural Address
Question: Discuss about the The 60s as a New Frontier - John Kennedys Inaugural Address. Answer: Introduction: The 1960 is beginning of the Americas from the dawn of the golden age with the face of John F. Kennedy. John Kennedy was the main frontier of the most important part of the coming 60s. The era of 1960 was coming with unusual changes not in America as well as to other countries; those were connected through culture and people who is part of it. This start was not just the beginning of 1960 but the future of America also, where poverty and social discrimination is more than anyone ever expected. With the inaugural address of John Kennedy, the hopes of the people of America are somehow gives believe in his presidency. The president who was believed to be of the 20th century through ideas towards the future of America which was came never before. The inaugural address of John Kennedy was very well mentioned with expectation of people who are from America or other countries that is African Americans or Native Americans. The address was clear with their initiative, they about to bring for the future and one of the most vital to everyone wanted is peace that was lost due to the heavy burden of weapons, poverty, social discrimination between man and woman and colors. As the inaugural address began the main agenda is clearly expressed that is freedom or it can said as emblematic of freedom was raised with winning of John Kennedy (AE Television Networks, 2016). With the speech of Kennedy words the world is very different now is clearly indication of people from other countries who became part of the America, which kept America into the strike, lost in peace as white people are not ready to give or share with people of another country that is said to be black people. As the speech went further Kennedy main strike was severe problems which affect the peace of America that is poverty, eradication of food, things which were against the nature or well being of human being. The John Kennedys was cleared with the aim as well as positively about the steps need to be taken to cover up situation that provide an America status of nonviolent country. The words ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country which encouraged people towards betterment and contribution for their own and America (Jeff, 2016). Mainly every line of the speech of John Kennedy included well being of the people of the America as well as of the whole world by making it clear what was expected from America. The attributes of John Kennedy speech refreshed the citizens of America to do something for their country and the message was delivered to every corner of the country as well as world to help them make a safer place to live by outnumbering peace and humanity with weapons which burdened the country. John Kennedy tried every possible way to encourage their citizens for peace by mentioning them about their tradition and culture by motivating to get all possible help from all the spheres. Its possible not only he chose his country, but culture of other countries is also chosen (John F. Kennedy Presidential library and museum, 1961). The People of America were distinctly expressed with intentions that raised hopes and increased confidence for the better life they are seeing in thoughts of their new president as ev ery person welcomed to come out and take the initiative to make the world a secure place to live. Inaugural speech of John Kennedy included every part that makes any country a safe and secure place to live that are by stopping the production of weapons and terror, reducing the use of atoms or any negative use of science which can affect human or mankind, encouraging for the use of wonders science for the betterment of life. John Kennedy warned the people of America or every country, whether individually or collectively to come up or curb from any wrong way which can affect peace which was the immediate requirement. With the inaugural address of John Kennedy and his charisma encouraged the youth towards the new frontier, which give rise in the participation of the youth in the civil rights movement. Every way was used to gather people to act collectively by forgetting any kind of discrimination and leaving any kind of hatred aside by summoning his victory as a symbol of freedom that was to free people from any kind of problem going through that is poverty, racism and unemployment (Lee Austen, 2015). The invitation that was given to every nook and corner of America and other countries which are under the consideration or not with the possibilities of a coming future by John Kennedy, so that any wrong happening can be prevented. The ways that he used was by warning them about the reach of cooperation, by staying divided, wrong use of science that can hamper the growth or in any way can relate to America, this may be considered as the fear that was expressed before he witness any. His strong expression towards the countries to not to take or believe America weak nation by mentioning do not be antagonist and requested them to participate them peace it can be expressed as concern and hope. John Kennedys idea of world with peace and betterment was the symbolic of the 1960s as it began with the initiative of the president who strongly recommended the world to act collectively bolster with security of law and peace where the weak is secured and peace is preserved (SHMOOP University, 201 6). The inaugural address was indicative of bringing peace and bringing action non-violently, which was the main agenda to overcome the terror and differentiation which is going at a pace between African-Americans, with the native Americans. The movement called civil right movement that began for inclusions of African-American to enter in public places by giving them civil rights that later extended to the womens freedom has to be given in male dominant society. John Kennedy made use of every possible way to make a world safer place by encouraging them to make it better, so that no one has to shift to other places or no need of joining other societies when you make the effort. The awareness and sense of freedom were begun with the inaugural address of John Kennedy, which kept everyone equal with no inequality between sex, race and color. The period of the 60s was different from the previous periods as from 1960, sense of awareness has been shifted between the world to their own world by raising a movement and protesting with no violence which was the mark of the inaugural address by John Kennedy which indicates towards peace. There are various movements happened that is a civil right movement which started from African American then included native Americans after that womens also. The other was space programs that are the three person Apollo spacecraft, which achieved Kennedys goal which left a mark to world that United States surpassed the soviet capabilities and this achievement was carried forward by the president Lyndson Johnson, after the assassination of John Kennedy. The last and the most important mark which was left by in the 1960s is the war which can further affect the peace and world as the war was taken over decisively by John Kennedy, which gave him the more trust of people and made him favorite for re -election for president of the United States of America (Walsh, 2010). The war that can have multi effects that can be called as a nuclear effect was called off with decision of John Kennedy at the last moment by putting pressure by announcing curb on missile delivery from one place to another which saved the world from effecting peace and created awareness among people by announcing it instead of solving diplomatically. This period of 1960s changed the world ideology by awakening them to remove social barriers, which are affecting their growth and sense of freedom. The John Kennedy, though won the elections from Nixon, but with little margin, which kept him for not making reforms which can boost the economy of America. Unaccepted reforms did not stop John Kennedy as he made the very best possible use of human and economic resources of America. With new president, many problems surrendered with peace and solving it with the help of people as that wage rate was the highest of all time that is $95 a week. As from this period, it recognized that there would be a gay right movement that can be seen from white people or from male dominant society that is women started protest for their rights. In the 1960s, barriers between rich and poor, black with white and difference of equality between men and women removed, so that there would not be any kind of differentiation between the people whatever work they d o. In the period of John Kennedy, important advances were made for the uniformity in America and the removal of any kind of racism, whether between rich or poor or people of another country. The efforts are by opening forty-one additional school districts in the South America by giving admission to Negro students into formerly all-white schools making to 897 the number of school districts, peaceful sitting of Negro and white students together starting from 1960. This has not only outpaced the peace, but also had ended segregation in restaurants and at lunch counters in more than 200 southern communities. This gives the sign of "freedom rides," the name given to orderly, non-violent protests against segregation in public transport facilities. With the winning of John Kennedy, theres a huge motivation to youth as cabinet of the white house was the youngest of all, the past officer who joined a cabinet of the white house. The sign of freedom is for all who can contribute to the growth of America. For example, black people were given a participation in the cabinet or all government level services that is inclusion at higher level posts with white people, so that there would not be any kind of racism. In the inaugural address of John Kennedy, he expressed torch has been passed to the new range of Americans referred to the youth (U.S. Department of State, 2008). During that period, Counter culture was much known among the people to go opposite the culture by longer hair and beards became common, blue jeans and tee shirts took the place of jackets, slacks, and ties. The Beatles, the rolling stones and other British groups, single singer became popular. The youth counterculture took the final stage when it took the festival, whi ch is mythological in films and record albums, and name was the Woodstock generation. After this, there was a beginning of manifestation of the new thinking of youth that led the rise of young and college all from age radicals. The advent of the John Kennedy frontier was not only emblematic of freedom, but also of equality in all kinds of spheres. With the beginning of 1960, it was clearly stated that another revolution was about to begin which happened with the new presidents and its inaugural address which motivated all the depressed people and warned the wrongdoers. This 60s hold the future of America by giving them a sense of freedom and social equality which was clearly stated in inaugural address that everyone have right to live equally without caring about rich and poor, color discrimination or any kind of discrimination which can affect the peace of society. The John Kennedy addresses not only present situation, but coming future also as he stated in his speech this change would not take 100 days or 1000 days or in his administration, change will begin when people start working on it. This charismatic effect not only become the motivation for the people, but also symbolic of 1960 when the administra tion and people started working together for peace and well being of everyone on this earth. Bibliography AE Television Networks, L. (2016). The 1960S: The great societyY. The 1960S: The great societyY. Retrieved from https://www.history.com/topics/1960s Jeff. (2016). A Decade of Change: A 60's timeline of events. Retrieved from https://www.jeffs60s.com: https://www.jeffs60s.com/timeline.php John F. Kennedy Presidential library and museum. (1961, Janaury 20). Inaugural Address, 20 January 1961. Inaugural Address, 20 January 1961. Retrieved from https://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/BqXIEM9F4024ntFl7SVAjA.aspx Lee, H., Austen, J. (2015). John F. Kennedy: Congressman. John F. Kennedy: Congressman. Retrieved from https://www.shmoop.com/john-f-kennedy/congressman.html SHMOOP University. (2016). Culture in the 1960's. Retrieved from https://www.shmoop.com: https://www.shmoop.com/1960s/culture.html U.S. Department of State. (2008, April 05). The rise of cultural and ethnic pluralism. The rise of cultural and ethnic pluralism. Retrieved from https://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/publication/2008/04/20080407123655eaifas0.7868769.html#axzz4FESmmeji Walsh, K. T. (2010, March 12). The 1960s: A Decade of Change for Women. The 1960s: A Decade of Change for Women. Retrieved from https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2010/03/12/the-1960s-a-decade-of-change-for-women
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)